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ISSN 1108-8931 |
INTERNATIONAL ECOTOURISM MONTHLY |
Year 4, Issue 47, Apr. 2003 |
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Eco Photo Port of Manaus, Brazil Various maximum levels of the Rio Negro, one of the two tributaries of the Amazon, river water during the rainy season in different years during the last century. Highest in 1953, Lowest in 1964. This seasonal fluctuation in the Amazonia, leads to four different ecosystem types. Igapo, Terra Firme, Varzea and Catinga. Igapo, is permanently flooded rainforest with seasonal variations in water depth of as much as 40 feet. Above the high water mark lies the Terra Firme forest, which is 'solid ground', and this is a typical rainforest. The Varzea forest is a seasonally flooded forest, but the water is heavy with minerals and nutrients eroded from the Andes Mountains. Finally, Catinga forest is found in the highland areas along the Rio Negro.The rivers of the Rio Negro are dark in colour. Almost completely devoid of nutrients, the Negro water is dark due to tannins leached from the leaves. The water is acidic and clean. This has resulted in the evolution of an extremely diverse collection of plants and animals unique in all of the Amazon. |
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