Eastern Pamir in the Wakhan Corridor
Karambar Lake, also known as Qurumbar Lake, is a high-altitude lake located towards the end of Broghil, district Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is the 33rd highest in the world and one of the biologically active lakes on earth. The maximum length of the lake 3.9 km (2.4 mi) maximum width of 2 km (1.2 mi) with a total surface area of 28,356,000 sq ft and an average depth of 52m (171ft) and a surface elevation of 4,272 meters (14,016ft). It spreads over a surface area of 263.44 hectares (2,634,400 m2) and discharges into Karambar valley to the east. It is the entry point into the Ishkoman Valley, which is the most attractive trekking route.
Broghil Valley is also a national park situated in the upper northern ranges of district Chitral Upper of Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The valley is situated at a distance of 250 km from the main town of district Chitral Lower. The highest territory ranges from 3,280m at Kishmanjah village to 4,304m at Karamber Lake in the upper east. The landscape is undulating, with soak mountains, wide stretch verdant fields, and thin valleys.
Broghil National Park is located in Broghil valley to the north-east of district Upper Chitral. It is a sanctuary characterized by fragile ecology providing refuge to a variety of birds and rare species of biodiversity along with flora. A big chunk of Broghil National Park comprises peatlands, which not only supports natural biodiversity but also the locals use it for fuel purposes.
Both the peatland and lakes spread over 3,400 ha. The peatland has been over-extracted, resulting in shrinkage of grazing lands and degradation of wildlife habitat. The burning of peatlands causes the emission of fumes which ultimately results in respiratory diseases. The exploitation of peat as a fuel for domestic use began about 75 years ago. The pressure on these resources is increasing with the increase in population. Some villages have already used 90% of their peat. If peat consumption continues at the present rate, it is estimated that in 20-30 years' time, all the peatlands will become a wasteland.
Conservation of existing peatlands and restoration and rehabilitation of the degraded peatlands through community participation is important to minimize pressure. Detailed scientific research is vital to obtain complete data on the available natural resources and prepare a strategy for ensuring sustainability.